Mitral stenosis causes

Mitral Stenosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [3]

Overview

The majority of cases of mitral stenosis result from rheumatic heart disease, which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals. Some cases may be congenital.

Causes

Common Causes

• Bacterial endocarditis
• Congenital
• Mitral annular calcification
• Prosthetic mitral valve
• Radiation treatment
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Certain medications

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atrial myxoma, bacterial endocarditis, Lutembacher syndrome, mitral annular calcification, cleft mitral valve, prosthetic mitral valve, rheumatic heart disease Congenital mitral stenosis: Double orifice mitral valve, hypoplasia of mitral valve annulus, mitral valve commissural fusion, Shone's syndrome
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ergot, Nitrates
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Radiation
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Blood clots obstructing mitral valves
Iatrogenic	Radiation treatment
Infectious Disease	Bacterial endocarditis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Atrial myxoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatic heart disease
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Atrial myxoma
• Bacterial endocarditis
• Cleft mitral valve
• Coarctation of the aorta

• Congenital mitral stenosis
• Cor triatriatum
• Double orifice mitral valve
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Infective endocarditis
• Lutembacher syndrome
• Mitral annular calcification
• Mitral valve annular calcification
• Mitral valve commissural fusion
• Parachute mitral valve
• Prosthetic mitral valve
• Radiation treatment
• Rheumatic fever
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Shone's syndrome
• Sub-aortic stenosis
• Supra-valve mitral membrane (SVMM)
• Thickened chordae tendinae
• Thrombus (ball valve thrombus)