Mitral stenosis causes

Mitral Stenosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [3]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [4]

Overview

The majority of cases of mitral stenosis result from rheumatic heart disease, which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals. Some cases may be congenital.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Endocarditis

Common Causes

• Rheumatic fever
• Mitral annular calcification
• Infective endocarditis
• Congenital mitral stenosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Ball valve thrombus, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta, congenital mitral stenosis, cor triatriatum, double orifice mitral valve, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, left atrial myxoma, Loeffler endocarditis, Lutembacher syndrome, mitral annular calcification, parachute mitral valve, post AV canal defect repair, prosthetic mitral valve, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, rheumatic fever, Shone's syndrome, supravalve mitral membrane
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ergotamines, methysergide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Radiation
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta, congenital mitral stenosis, cor triatriatum, double orifice mitral valve, Fabry disease, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, hypoplastic left heart syndrome , Lutembacher syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis, parachute mitral valve, Shone's syndrome, supravalve mitral membrane
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Post AV canal defect repair, prosthetic mitral valve, radiation
Infectious Disease	Infective endocarditis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Fabry disease, hemodialysis, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Carcinoid tumor, left atrial myxoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Loeffler endocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Amyloidosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Left atrial myxoma
• Ball valve thrombus
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Carcinoid tumor
• Loeffler endocarditis
• Coarctation of aorta
• Congenital mitral stenosis
• Cor triatriatum
• Double orifice mitral valve
• Endomyocardial fibrosis

• Ergotamines
• Fabry disease
• Hemodialysis
• Hunter syndrome
• Hurler syndrome
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• Infective endocarditis
• Lutembacher syndrome
• Methysergide
• Mitral annular calcification
• Mucopolysaccharidosis

• Parachute mitral valve
• Post AV canal defect repair
• Prosthetic mitral valve
• Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
• Radiation
• Rheumatic fever
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Shone's syndrome
• Supravalve mitral membrane
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Whipple disease

References

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