Pericarditis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Pericarditis can present as a disorder primarily involving the pericardium (e.g viral etiologies), as a manifestation of a systemic illness (e.g. autoimmune illnesses), or as a manifestation of a disorder involving an adjacent anatomic structure (e.g. neoplastic). The most common viral infections causing pericarditis are reported to be coxsackievirus and echovirus, while histoplasmosis is the most common cause of fungal pericarditis in patients with an intact immune system. Pericarditis is most likely to occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Acute myocardial infarction
• Addisonian crisis
• Aortic dissection
• Aortic rupture
• Blunt or penetrating chest trauma
• Esophogeal perforation
• Gastric perforation
• Myocardial rupture

Common Causes

• Acute myocardial infarction
• Adenovirus
• Aminosalicylic acid
• Amiodarone
• Coxsackie B virus
• Echovirus
• Influenza
• Neoplasm
• Pneumococcus
• Renal Failure
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Staphylococcus
• Sulfa drugs
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Tuberculosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute myocardial infarction, aortic rupture, benign obstruction of thoracic duct, dissecting aortic aneurysm, Dresslers syndrome, endocarditis, myocardial rupture, myocarditis
Chemical / poisoning	Scombrotoxic fish poisoning
Dermatologic	Behcet syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, anticoagulants, bromocriptine, cromolyn sodium, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dantrolene, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, hydantoin, hydralazine, isoniazid, mesalazine, methyldopa, methysergide, minoxidil, penicillin, phenylbutazone, practolol, procainamide, procainamide, reserpine, streptokinase, streptomycin, sulfa drugs, thiazides, thiouracil, thrombolytics, tocainide
Ear Nose Throat	Temporal arteritis
Endocrine	Addisonian crisis, hypothyroidism, myxedema
Environmental	Asbestosis, polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation, silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple's disease
Genetic	Gaucher disease, Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome, Mulibrey nanism syndrome, recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Hematologic	Leukemia, lymphoma
Iatrogenic	Cardiac catheterization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cathether ablation for arrhythmias, coronary artery bypass grafting, dialysis, heart surgery, pacemaker syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, postpericardiotomy syndrome, radiation therapy, TAVI, thoracic surgery, vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever), valvuloplasty
Infectious Disease	Actinomycosis, adenovirus, alveolar hydatid disease, amebiasis, aspergillus, blastomycosis, borrelia, brucellosis, candida, chlamydia psittaci, coccidiomycosis, coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus, E.coli, EBV, echinococcus, ECHO virus, entamoeba histolytica, francisella, haemophilus influenza, hepatitis B, herpes viruses, histoplasmosis, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, influenza, klebsiella, legionella, Lyme disease, meningococci, mumps, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma, neisseria, nocardia, pneumococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, rickettsia, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, toxoplasmosis, tularemia, ureaplasma, varicella
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Breast cancer, carcinoid, fibroma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, ovarian cancer, sarcoma, Sipple syndrome
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Lung cancer, pneumonia, sarcoidosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Uremic pericarditis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Acute rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet syndrome, Dressler's syndrome, familial mediterranean fever, inflammatory bowel disease, Kawasaki disease, mixed connective tissue disease, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, temporal arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum
Trauma	Blunt or penetrating chest trauma, esophageal rupture, esophogeal perforation, gastric perforation, pancreatic-pericardial fistula
Urologic	Renal Failure, uremia
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

5-Fluorouracil Actinomycosis Acute myocardial infarction Acute rheumatic fever Addisonian crisis Adenovirus Amebiasis Aminosalicylic acid Amiodarone Amyloidosis Ankylosing spondylitis Anticoagulants Aortic dissection Aortic rupture Asbestosis Behcet's disease Benign obstruction of thoracic duct Blunt or penetrating chest trauma Borrelia Breast cancer Bromocriptine Carcinoid Cardiac catheterization Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cathether ablation for arrhythmias Chlamydia psittaci Cholesterol pericarditis Chylopericardium Coccidioidomycosis Collagen vascular disease Coronary artery bypass grafting Coxsackie B virus Cromolyn sodium Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Cytarabine Cytomegalovirus Dantrolene Daunorubicin Dermatomyositis Dialysis Dissecting aortic aneurysm Doxorubicin Dressler's syndrome EBV Echinococcosis ECHO virus

Endocarditis Esophageal rupture Esophogeal perforation Familial mediterranean fever Fibroma Francisella Gastric perforation Gaucher disease Heart surgery Herpes viruses Histoplasmosis HIV Hydantoin Hydralazine Hypothyroidism Idiopathic Infectious mononucleosis Inflammatory bowel disease Influenza virus Isoniazid Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome Kaposi's sarcoma Kawasaki disease Legionella Leukemia Lung cancer Lymphoma Melanoma Meningococci Mesalazine Mesothelioma Methyldopa Methysergide Minoxidil Mixed connective tissue disease Mulibrey nanism syndrome Mumps virus Mycoplasma Myocardial rupture Myocarditis Myxedema Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, Ovarian cancer Pacemaker syndrome Pancreatic-pericardial fistula Penicillin Percutaneous coronary intervention

Phenylbutazone Pneumococci Pneumonia Polyarteritis nodosa Polymyositis Polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation Postpericardiotomy syndrome Practolol Procainamide Radiation therapy Recurrent hereditary polyserositis Reiter's syndrome Renal failure Reserpine Rheumatoid arthritis Rickettsia Sarcoidosis Sarcoma Scleroderma Serum sickness Silicosis Sipple syndrome Staphylococci Streptococci Streptokinase Streptomycin Sulfa drugs Systemic lupus erythematosus TAVI Temporal arteritis Thiazides Thiouracil Thoracic surgery Thorax trauma Thrombolytics Tocainide Toxoplasmosis Treponema pallidum Tuberculosis Ureaplasma Uremia Vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever) Valvuloplasty Varicella virus Wegener's granulomatosis Whipple's Disease