High cholesterol causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

High cholesterol level can result from various causes which include: genetic (e.g. apo A-I deficiency, apolipoprotein B deficiency, apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia); side effect of medications (e.g. antiretroviral therapy, beta blockers, corticosteroids); metabolic (e.g. metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome), endocrine (e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome, Werner syndrome) and many other conditions.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

High cholesterol in itself is not a life threatening condition.

Common Causes

• Apo A-I deficiency
• Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Metabolic syndrome
• Alagille syndrome
• Alström syndrome
• Analbuminaemia
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Apolipoprotein B deficiency
• Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency
• Apoliprotein E deficiency
• Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia
• Beta blockers

• Binge eating disorder
• Chronic kidney disease
• Corticosteroids
• Cyclosporine
• Estrogens
• Everolimus
• Familial combined hyperlipidemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Glycogen storage disease type 1a
• Glycogenosis type 3
• Glycogenosis type 6
• Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5
• Hypothyroidism
• Lack of physical inactivity
• Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency

• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Niemann-Pick disease type B
• Obesity
• Olanzapine
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Sirolimus
• Temsirolimus
• Thiazide diuretics
• Tofacitinib
• Zieve's syndrome

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alagille syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Cyclosporine, estrogens, everolimus, olanzapine, sirolimus, temsirolimus, thiazide diuretics , tofacitinib
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome,hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, Niemann-Pick disease type B , primary biliary cirrhosis, Stauffer syndrome, Zieve's syndrome
Genetic	Analbuminaemia, apo A-I deficiency, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, glycogen storage disease type 1a, glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease type B
Hematologic	Zieve's syndrome
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
Neurologic	Apo A-I deficiency, apoliprotein E deficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic	Metabolic syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease type B, obesity, Zieve's syndrome,Berardinelli–Seip syndrome, analbuminaemia, diabetes mellitus, Glycogenosis type 3, glycogenosis type 6
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	Alström syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Binge eating disorder
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	hashimoto's thyroiditis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Lack of physical inactivity

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Apo A-I deficiency
• Alagille syndrome
• Alström syndrome
• Analbuminaemia
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Apolipoprotein B deficiency
• Apolipoprotein C2 deficiency
• Apoliprotein E deficiency
• Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia
• Beta blockers
• Binge eating disorder
• Berardinelli–Seip syndrome
• Chronic kidney disease
• Corticosteroids
• Cyclosporine

• Diabetes mellitus
• Estrogens
• Everolimus
• Familial combined hyperlipidemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Glycogen storage disease type 1a
• Glycogenosis type 3
• Glycogenosis type 6
• Hypothyroidism
• Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5
• Hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Lack of physical inactivity
• Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency

• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Metabolic syndrome
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Niemann-Pick disease type B
• Obesity
• Olanzapine
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Sirolimus
• Temsirolimus
• Thiazide diuretics
• Tofacitinib
• Zieve's syndrome

References

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