Syncope pathophysiology
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Overview
Blood pressure is the main determinant for the presentation of syncope. Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance, and hence, any disturbances with any of these variables may lead to the presentation of syncope.
Pathophysiology
Syncope is a entity in which loss of conscience due to cerebral hipooperfusion presents. There are several pathways to explain its pathophysiology. Syncope can be manifested as 4 categories:
- Vasovagal syncope
- Situtational syncope
- Carotid sinus syncope
- Atypical forms
Each of these categories have different triggers that lead to the presentation of syncope. Shown below a table for each syncope form and its triggers. Note that in any trigger, different mechanisms may be involved in its presentation, such as in micturition, where different pathways participate.
|- |-bgcolor="LightBlue" | Syncope |bgcolor="Beige"| Triggers: |-
|-bgcolor="LightBlue" | Vasovagal |bgcolor="Beige"|
- Emotional distress:
- Fear
- Pain
- Blood fear
- Orthostatic stress
|-
|-bgcolor="LightBlue" |Situational |bgcolor="Beige"|
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Swallowing
- Defecation
- Visceral instrumentation
- Micturition
- Exercise
|-
|-bgcolor="LightBlue" |Carotid Sinus |bgcolor="Beige"|
- Due to mechanical manipulation of the carotid sinus
|- |-
|-bgcolor="LightBlue" |Atypical forms |bgcolor="Beige"|
- Triggers can't be clearly identified. Diagnosis is made upon exclusion or by reproduction of symptoms with tilt test
|-