Stroke resident survival guide

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [3]

Overview

The term 'stroke' is used to describe pathological conditions caused by brain ischemia or hemorrhage. According to the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (July, 2013),[1] it is defined as a neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) by a vascular cause, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, by definition, trauma has to be ruled out before stroke can be diagnosed in a patient with a focal neurological deficit.

Management

Initial Evaluation

 
 
 
Characterize the symptoms:
❑ Sudden weakness/paralysis - face, arm or leg
❑ Speech/visual difficulties
❑ Altered/loss of consciousness
❑ Sudden severe headache
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Examine the patient:
Head - trauma, tongue laceration
Neck - bruits, pulses
Limbs - pulses
Heart - murmurs
Skin - color changes
❑ Neuro exam - NIHSS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consider alternative diagnosis:
❑ Psychogenic
Seizures
Hypoglycemia
❑ Complicated migraine
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Wernicke encephalopathy
Brain abscess
Brain tumor
❑ Drug toxicity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
❑ Check vitals
❑ Stabilize ABC
❑ Brief Hx
❑ Activate stroke team
❑ Stat fingerstick
❑ Basic labs, troponin, EKG
❑ NPO
❑ Obtain stroke protocol
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Contrast Enhanced CT (or MRI) to r/o hemorrhage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bleed Negative
 
Bleed Positive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute Ischemic Stroke
 
Hemorrhagic Stroke
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
 
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
 
 

References

  1. Sacco, RL.; Kasner, SE.; Broderick, JP.; Caplan, LR.; Connors, JJ.; Culebras, A.; Elkind, MS.; George, MG.; Hamdan, AD. (2013). "An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association". Stroke. 44 (7): 2064–89. doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca. PMID 23652265. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WH Template:WS