Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]

Definition

A lower respiratory tract infection in a previously normal individual acquired through normal social contact rather than contracting it in a hospital.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

No life threatening causes have been noted. However, complications of pneumonia could lead to life threatening situations like pleural effusion, lung abscess, bacteremia, septicemia or a secondary infection involving other organ systems.

Common Causes

  • Typical Bacteria
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Escherichia coli
  4. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Atypical Bacteria
  1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. Chlamydophila pneumoniae
  3. Legionella pneumophila
  • Viruses
  1. Influenza
  2. Parainfluenza
  3. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  4. Metapneumovirus
  5. Adenovirus
Common Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Location Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia[1][2][3]
 ▸ Outpatient ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Chlamydophila pneumoniae
▸ Influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
▸ Inpatient (non-ICU) ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
▸ Chlamydophila pneumoniae
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Legionella
▸ Aspiration
▸ Influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
▸ Yersinia enterocolitica
▸ Inpatient (ICU) ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Staphylococcus aureus
▸ Legionella
▸ Gram-negative bacilli
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Acinetobacter baumannii

Management

Please find below an algorithm that summarizes the approach to community acquired pneumonia.

Do's

Dont's

References

  1. ↑ Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 44 Suppl 2: S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMID 17278083. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Wong, KK.; Fistek, M.; Watkins, RR. (2013). "Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in an immunocompetent patient". J Med Microbiol. 62 (Pt 4): 650–1. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.053488-0. PMID 23242642. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Oh, YJ.; Song, SH.; Baik, SH.; Lee, HH.; Han, IM.; Oh, DH. (2013). "A case of fulminant community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Korea". Korean J Intern Med. 28 (4): 486–90. doi:10.3904/kjim.2013.28.4.486. PMID 23864808. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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