Bronchiolitis overview
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients between 1 month and 2 years of age. It is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and is characterized by inflamation, edema and necrosis of the bronchiole's epithelium. Typical clinical manifestations include rhinitis, cough, wheezing, respiratory rales (crackles), use of respiratory accessory muscles and/or nasal flaring.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Broncholitis from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Prevention will relay in maintain proper measures to prevent the viral dissemination during the RSV season (handwash and avoid contact with patients with symptomatic respiratory infections) and prevention of tobacco smoke exposure. In patients with high risk of developing severe infections, pasive immunization with Palivizumanb is recommended.