Pulmonary embolism triggers

Pulmonary Embolism Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Pulmonary Embolism from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Triggers
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria
Assessment of Clinical Probability and Risk Scores
Pulmonary Embolism Assessment of Probability of Subsequent VTE and Risk Scores
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
D-dimer
Biomarkers
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan
Echocardiography
Compression Ultrasonography
CT
MRI
Treatment
Treatment approach
Medical Therapy
IVC Filter
Pulmonary Embolectomy
Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Discharge Care and Long Term Treatment
Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Follow-Up
Support group
Special Scenario
Pregnancy
Cancer
Trials
Landmark Trials
Case Studies
Case #1
Pulmonary embolism triggers On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Pulmonary embolism triggers
CDC on Pulmonary embolism triggers
Pulmonary embolism triggers in the news
Blogs on Pulmonary embolism triggers
Directions to Hospitals Treating Pulmonary embolism triggers
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary embolism triggers

Editor(s)-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or both. In these chapters on VTE, the word risk factors refers to those epidemiologic and genetic variables that expose someone to a higher risk of developing venous thrombosis. The word triggers refer to those factors in the patients immediate history or environment that may have lead to the occurrence of the venous thrombosis. The triggers of VTE include injury to a deep vein from surgery, a fracture, or other trauma, especially a paralytic spinal cord injury. Another trigger for VTE is prolonged immobilization that causes stasis in the deep veins which may occur after surgery, prolonged bed-rest, or prolonged seating during travel.

Triggers

Shown below is a list of triggers of VTE. The triggers are classified as strong, moderate, or weak depending on how strongly they predispose for a VTE.

Strong triggers	Moderate triggers	Weak triggers
❑ Bone fracture (hip or leg) ❑ Hip replacement surgery ❑ Knee replacement surgery ❑ Major general surgery ❑ Significant trauma ❑ Spinal cord injury	❑ Athroscopic knee surgery ❑ Central venous lines ❑ Chemotherapy	❑ Bed rest for more than 3 days ❑ Prolonged car or air travel ❑ Laparoscopic surgery ❑ Prepartum