Dengue fever overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dengue fever (Template:IPA2) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics and Africa, with a geographical spread similar to malaria.[1] One major difference, however, is that malaria is often eradicated in major cities, whereas dengue is often found in urban areas of developed tropical nations, like Singapore. Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti (rarely Aedes albopictus) mosquito, which feeds during the day[2].
Historical Perspective
Outbreaks resembling dengue fever have been reported throughout history.[3] The first definitive case report dates from 1789 and is attributed to Benjamin Rush, who coined the term "breakbone fever" (because of the symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia). The disease was named Dengue in 1779. The viral etiology and the transmission by mosquitoes were only deciphered in the 20th century. Population movements during World War II spread the disease globally.
Classification
Current WHO guideline classifies dengue into non-severe and severe disease depending on whether there is severe plasma leakage, severe bleeding, or severe organ impairment. For practical purposes, non-severe cases can be further divided into two subgroups: those with warning signs and those without them. Patients with suspected dengue should be triaged and managed accordingly.[4]
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Ebola from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Future or Investigational Therapies
References
- ↑ "CDC - Yellow Book: [4] Dengue Fever - CDC Traveler's Health". Retrieved 2007-05-20.
- ↑ "Dengue Fever – Information Sheet" - World Health Organization
- ↑ Gubler D (1998). "Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever". Clin Microbiol Rev. 11 (3): 480–96. PMID 9665979.
- ↑ "Dengue haemorrhagic fever: diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control" (PDF).