Melena causes
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Melena Microchapters
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Case Studies |
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Melena causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Melena causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
The most common cause of melena is peptic ulcer disease. Any other cause of bleeding from the upper gastro-intestinal tract, or even the ascending colon, can also cause melena. Melena may also be a sign of drug overdose if a patient is taking anti-coagulants, such as warfarin. A less serious, self-limiting case of melena can occur in newborns two to three days after delivery, due to swallowed maternal blood.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
- Duodenal ulcer
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal varices
- Gastric tumors
- Gastric ulcer
- Gastritis
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Peptic ulcer
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acanthocephaliasis
- Adenocarcinoma
- Alcoholic cirrhosis
- Alcoholic fatty liver
- Alendronate
- Alosetron
- Anal cancer
- Anal fissure
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Angiodysplasia
- Angiostrongyliasis
- Anthrax
- Anticoagulants
- Aortoenteric fistula
- Arsenic trioxide
- Arsenicals
- Aspirin
- Bacillary dysentery
- Balantidiasis
- Banti syndrome
- Bevacizumab
- Biliary atresia
- Blood clotting disorders
- Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
- Bowel ischemia
- Bowel obstruction
- Bowel strangulation
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Candida albicans
- Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency
- Carcinoid
- Caustic ingestion
- Cecal carcinoma
- Cholesterol embolism
- Choriocarcinoma
- Chronic portal vein thrombosis
- Clopidogrel
- Coagulopathy
- Coats plus syndrome
- Colchicine
- Colitis
- Colitis cystica profunda
- Colonic diverticulosis
- Colonic tubular adenomata
- Colonic villous adenomata
- Colonoscopy
- Colorectal cancer
- Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis
- Crohn's disease
- Cytomegalovirus
- Degos' disease
- Dermatomyositis
- Dicoumarol
- Dieulafoy ulcer
- Drug overdose
- Duodenal polypectomy
- Duodenal ulcer
- Duodenal webs
- Duplication cysts
- Ebola virus
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal cyst
- Esophageal varices
- Essential thrombocytosis
- Ethylene glycol
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Food allergy
- Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)
- Foreign body
- Gardner syndrome
- Gastric antral vascular ectasia
- Gastric cancer
- Gastric polyps
- Gastric ulcer
- Gastric volvulus
- Gastric webs
- Gastritis
- Gastroduodenal ulcers
- Gastrointestinal duplications
- Giardiasis
- Haemorrhoids
- Helicobacter pylori
- Hemangiomas
- Hemobilia
- Hemophilia
- Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
- Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia
- Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
- Hepatic arterioportal fistula
- Hepatorenal tyrosinemia
- Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Herpes simplex virus
- Indomethacin
- Intussusception
- Iron compounds
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
- Katayama fever
- Labrune syndrome
- Leiomyoma
- Lipoma
- Liver cirrhosis
- Lymphoma
- Malignancy
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Mallory-Weiss tear
- Meckel's diverticulum
- Melanoma
- Melarsoprol
- Ménétrier's disease
- Mercury
- Mesenchymal neoplasm
- Mesenteric vascular occlusion
- Metastatic tumor
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Milk protein intolerance
- Necator americanus (hookworm)
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- NSAIDS
- Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
- Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease
- Pelvic fracture
- Peptic ulcer
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Phenprocoumon
- Phenylbutazone
- Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Portal hypertension
- Portal hypertensive gastropathy
- Post-surgical anastomosis
- Potassium chloride
- Proctitis
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- Quinidine
- Radiation-induced telangiectasia
- Chronic renal failure
- Ruptured esophageal varices
- Schistosoma mansoni
- Small bowel cancer
- Small bowel lymphoma
- Small bowel malignancy
- Small-bowel tumors
- Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
- Stomach cancer
- Stress gastritis
- Stress ulcer
- Strongyloidiasis
- Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
- Swallowed maternal blood
- Systemic mastocytosis
- Tetracycline
- Thrombocytopenia
- Trauma
- Trichuriasis
- Tumors
- Typhoid fever
- Ulcerative colitis
- Vascular anomalies
- Vasculitis
- Warfarin
- Watermelon stomach
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Yellow fever
- Zinc
- Ziv-aflibercept
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome