Malaria physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
Vitals
Temperature
- A fever is often present, according to the patterns described above
Pulse
Rate
- Tachycardia may be present
Blood Pressure
- Hypotension may be present (in severe cases of the disease)
Respiratory Rate
- Tachypnea may be present
Skin
- Cyanosis may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
- Jaundice may be present (in severe anemia)
- Pallor may be present
- Petechiae may be present (in severe cases of the disease, when there is thrombocytopenia)
Eyes
- Icteric sclera may be present (in severe anemia with jaundice)
- Conjunctivae may be pale
Nose
- Alar flare (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
Throat
- The throat may be erythematous
Lungs
- Pulmonary edema may be present
- Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
- Intercostal retraction may be present (in severe cases of the disease, where there may be respiratory distress)
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention may be present
- An abdominal mass may be present
- Hepatomegaly may be present
- Splenomegaly may be present
Genitourinary
Extremities
- Cyanosis may be present (in severe anemia)
- Edema may be present (in severe disease, where there may be renal failure)
Neurologic
- Coma may be present (in cerebral malaria)
- Mental status may be altered
- Convulsions may be present