Yersinia pestis infection epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Given its ability to cause serious pandemics, plague is one of the three diseases subject to the International Health Regulations, the other two being yellow fever and cholera. Yersinia pestis in found in animal reservoirs, especially in rodents which are often responsible for the rapid spread of the disease. Natural foci of plague are found all over the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes and in warm parts of the temperate latitudes. All continents are known to harbor natural plague foci except Australia.
Known as the black death, plague pandemics have caused significant casualties in the last 2 millennia. The first certain pandemic recorded in the sixth century AD spread across Asia, Africa and Europe claiming approximately 100,000,000 lives. The fourteenth century witnessed the second pandemic, with no less than 50,000,000 casualties. The third pandemic came in the late nineteenth century mostly affecting India with 13,000,000 recorded deaths.