Salmonellosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [2] João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Patients with Salmonellosis typically present with acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. Acute diarrhea may be nonbloody, loose stool, in moderate volume, or large volume of watery, bloody stool.[1] A detailed clinical history, including recent foods, travels, family members and friends with similar symptoms is essential to reach the correct diagnosis.[2]
History
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for rehydration and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.[2]
A detailed history, particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation to the doctor is essential for the correct diagnosis of salmonellosis. A recent travel history, family members or close friends with similar symptoms and details of recent meals should be asked. If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.[2]
History of recent antibiotics should also be asked, as well as day-care attendance.[2]
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of salmonellosis are often undistinguishable from those caused by other pathogens. These often have an acute onset, and may include:[1]
- Fever
- Cramping abdominal pain
- Diarrhea - may consist of nonbloody, loose stools, in moderate volume, or large volume of watery, bloody stool
- Nausea
- Vomiting
In children, the infection is associated with longer duration, as well as increased frequency of bloody diarrhea.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.