Salmonellosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [2] João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Patients with Salmonellosis typically present with acute bloody or non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.[1] A detailed clinical history should include recent food ingestion, recent travel, and contact with family members and friends with similar symptoms. [2]
History
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for rehydration and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.[2]
A detailed history, particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation to the doctor is essential for the correct diagnosis of salmonellosis. A recent travel history, existence of family members, or close friends, with similar symptoms, details of recent meals, ingestion of potentially infected foods, recent visits to farms or zoo, regular medications, underlying diseases, and current occupation should be asked. If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.[2][3]
History of recent antibiotics should also be asked, as well as day-care attendance.[2]
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of salmonellosis are often undistinguishable from those caused by other pathogens. These often have an acute onset, and may include:[1]
- Fever
- Cramping abdominal pain
- Diarrhea - may consist of nonbloody, loose stools, in moderate volume, or large volume of watery, bloody stool
- Nausea
- Vomiting
In children,infection is associated with longer duration as well as increased frequency of bloody diarrhea.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.
- ↑ Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL (1996). "To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea". J Clin Microbiol. 34 (4): 928–32. PMC 228919. PMID 8815110.