Salmonellosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [2] João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Patients with Salmonellosis typically present with acute bloody or non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.[1] A detailed clinical history should include recent food ingestion, recent travel, and contact with family members and friends with similar symptoms. [2]
History
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for rehydration and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.[2] A detailed history particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation is essential for diagnosis. Inquiries should be made regarding:[2]
- Recent travel history,
- Presence of similar symptoms among close contacts
- Details of recent meals
- Visits to farms or zoos
- Contact with pets, rodents, reptiles
- Occupation
- Recent antibiotic use
- Day-care attendance
- Medication
If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.[2][3]
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of salmonellosis are often indistinguishable from those caused by other pathogens. Symptoms usually have an acute onset and include:[1]
- Fever
- Abdominal pain that is usually cramping in nature
- Diarrhea that may present with nonbloody or bloody stool
- Nausea
- Vomiting
In children, infection is associated with longer duration as well as increased frequency of bloody diarrhea.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.
- ↑ Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL (1996). "To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea". J Clin Microbiol. 34 (4): 928–32. PMC 228919. PMID 8815110.