Cabergoline

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Cabergoline
File:Cabergoline.svg
Clinical data
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityFirst-pass effect seen; absolute bioavailability unknown
Protein bindingModerately bound (40% to 42%); concentration- independent
MetabolismHepatic, predominately via hydrolysis of the acylurea bond or the urea moiety
Elimination half-life63-69 hours (estimated)
ExcretionUrine (22%), feces (60%)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H37N5O2
Molar mass451.604 g/mol

Cabergoline (brand names Dostinex® and Cabaser®), a lysergic acid amide derivative, is a potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2 receptors.[1] It also acts on dopamine receptors in lactophilic hypothalamus cells to suppress prolactin production in the pituitary gland. It is frequently used as a second-line agent in the management of prolactinomas when bromocriptine is ineffective.

Pharmacokinetics

Following a single oral dose, resorption of cabergoline from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is highly variable, typically occurring within 0.5 to 4 hours. Ingestion with food does not alter its absorption rate. Human bioavailability has not been determined since the drug is intended for oral use only. In mice and rats the absolute bioavailability has been determined to be 30 and 63 percent, respectively. Cabergoline is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in bile and to a lesser extent in urine. All metabolites are less active than the parental drug or inactive altogether. The human elimination half-life is estimated to be 63 to 68 hours in patients with Parkinson's disease and 79 to 115 hours in patients with pituitary tumors.

Carcinogenity

In rodents a dose-dependent increase in malignant tumors has been found. The correlation is thought to be species specific. No clinical data exists on carcinogenity in humans.

Uses

Off-label/recreational uses

It has at times been used as an adjunct to SSRI antidepressants as there is some evidence that it counteracts certain side effects of those drugs, such as reduced libido and anorgasmia. It also has been suggested online that it has a possible recreational use in reducing or eliminating the male refractory period. It is also used by bodybuilders to control gynecomastia caused by elevated prolactin levels caused by use of anabolic steroids such as Nandrolone.

Contraindications and precautions

Pregnancy and lactation

  • Pregnancy: Approximately 100 female patients became pregnant under therapy with cabergoline for hyperprolactinemic conditions. The incidence of spontaneous abortions and congenital abnormalities was comparable to nontreated patients. Nevertheless, women wishing to become pregnant should wait a period of four weeks after discontinuation of cabergoline. Patients becoming pregnant under therapy should terminate cabergoline immediately, if possible.
  • Lactation: In rats cabergoline was found in the maternal milk. Since it is not known if this effect also occurs in humans, breastfeeding women should not be treated.

Side effects

Approximately 200 patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease participated in a clinical study of cabergoline monotherapy. Seventy-nine (79) percent reported at least one side effect. These side effects were chiefly mild or moderate:

In a combinatiion study with 2,000 patients also treated with levodopa, the incidence and severity of side effects was comparable to monotherapy. Encountered side effects required a termination of cabergoline treatment in 15% of patients. Additional side effects were infrequent cases of hematological side effects, and an occasional increase in liver enzymes or serum creatinine without signs or symptoms.

As with other ergot derivatives, pleuritis, exudative pleura disease, pleura fibrosis, lung fibrosis, and pericarditis are seen. These side effects are noted in less than 2% of patients. They require immediate termination of treatment. Clinical improvement and normalization of X-ray findings are normally seen soon after cabergoline withdrawal.

The reported incidence and severity of side effects in hyperprolactinemic patients was comparable.

Valvular heart disease

In two studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine on January 4, 2007, cabergoline was implicated along with pergolide in causing valvular heart disease.[2][3] Both drugs are ergot-derived dopamine agonists, although their molecular skeletons are different. As a result of this, the FDA removed pergolide from the U.S. market on March 29, 2007.[4] Since cabergoline is not approved in the U.S. for Parkinson's Disease, but for hyperprolactinemia, the drug remains on the market. Treatment for hyperprolactinemia requires lower doses than that for Parkinson's Disease, diminishing the risk of valvular heart disease.

Interactions

No interactions were noted with levodopa or selegiline. The drug should not be combined with other ergot derivatives. Dopamine antagonists such as antipsychotics and metoclopramide inhibit the clinical action of cabergoline and should therefore not be used concomitantly. The use of antihypertensive drugs should be intensively monitored because excessive hypotension may result from the combination.

Dosage

  • Parkinson's disease: Monotherapy: Initial dose should be 0.5 mg daily. The usual maintenance dose is 2 to 4 mg daily. Combination therapy: Usually 2 to 6 mg daily.
  • Tumors of the pituitary gland and other hyperprolactinemic conditions: Initially 0.5 mg per week, slowly titrated to 4.5 mg per week, if necessary.
  • Ablactation: According to specific treatment scheme.

Pill Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Cabergoline |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }} {{#subobject: 

 |Page Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Name=Cabergoline_NDC_498840673.jpg
 |Drug Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Ingred=CABERGOLINE[CABERGOLINE]|+sep=;
 |Pill Imprint=P;P;673
 |Pill Dosage=0.5 mg
 |Pill Color=White|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=Oval
 |Pill Size (mm)=7
 |Pill Scoring=2
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
 |NDC=498840673

}}

{{#subobject: 

 |Page Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Name=Cabergoline_NDC_162520536.jpg
 |Drug Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Ingred=CABERGOLINE[CABERGOLINE]|+sep=;
 |Pill Imprint=C;5
 |Pill Dosage=0.5 mg
 |Pill Color=White|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=Oval
 |Pill Size (mm)=7
 |Pill Scoring=2
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=Cobalt Laboratories
 |NDC=162520536

}}

{{#subobject: 

 |Page Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Name=Cabergoline_NDC_00935420.jpg
 |Drug Name=Cabergoline
 |Pill Ingred=Cabergoline[Cabergoline]|+sep=;
 |Pill Imprint=0;5;5420
 |Pill Dosage=0.5 mg
 |Pill Color=White|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=Oval
 |Pill Size (mm)=8
 |Pill Scoring=2
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc
 |NDC=00935420

}}


References

  1. ↑ "Dostinex at www.rxlist.com". Retrieved 2007-04-27.
  2. ↑ Schade, Rene; Andersohn, Frank; Suissa, Samy; Haverkamp, Wilhelm; Garbe, Edeltraut (2007-01-04), "Dopamine Agonists and the Risk of Cardiac-Valve Regurgitation", New England Journal of Medicine, 356 (1): 29–38 Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ↑ Zanettini, Renzo; Antonini, Angelo; Gatto, Gemma; Gentile, Rosa; Tesei, Silvana; Pezzoli, Gianna (2007-01-04), "Valvular Heart Disease and the Use of Dopamine Agonists for Parkinson's Disease", New England Journal of Medicine, 356 (1): 39–46 Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ↑ "Food and Drug Administration Public Health Advisory". 2007-03-29. Retrieved 2007-04-27. Check date values in: |date= (help)

Template:Ergolines Template:Dopamine agonists

de:Cabergolin Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cabergoline&oldid=995175"