Cyclosporiasis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
The symptoms usually start within one week of ingestion of contaminated food and water. If left untreated, symptoms may persist for weeks and months. This infection is not life threatening and is rarely associated with complications. People living in endemic area might have asymptomatic infections.
Natural History
Some people with Cyclospora infection may have no manifestations of the disease, or present only with milder and short lasting forms of it, particularly those who live in endemic areas.[1] Symptomatic disease is more common in non endemic regions. For patients who develop symptoms following the ingestion of sporulated oocysts of C. cayetanensis, the typical incubation period is about 7 days.[2][3] Cyclosporiasis commonly presents with the following symptoms:[4][2][3][5][6]
Without treatment, patients with cyclosporiasis may have symptoms for several weeks to several months. Some of these symptoms, such as diarrhea, can return, and others, such as muscle aches and fatigue, may continue after the gastrointestinal manifestations have resolved.[1]
In general, children and elderly patients experience more severe symptoms of cyclosporiasis.
Symptoms are also more severe and prolonged in HIV-positive patients. [6][7][8]
Complications
- Reported complications from Cyclospora infection are rare, but have included malabsorption and cholecystitis.
Prognosis
- Infection is not usually life-threatening.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Cyclosporiasis".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fleming CA, Caron D, Gunn JE, Barry MA (1998). "A foodborne outbreak of Cyclospora cayetanensis at a wedding: clinical features and risk factors for illness". Arch Intern Med. 158 (10): 1121–5. PMID 9605784.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Herwaldt BL, Ackers ML (1997). "An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. The Cyclospora Working Group". N Engl J Med. 336 (22): 1548–56. doi:10.1056/NEJM199705293362202. PMID 9164810.
- ↑ Connor BA, Reidy J, Soave R (1999). "Cyclosporiasis: clinical and histopathologic correlates". Clin Infect Dis. 28 (6): 1216–22. doi:10.1086/514780. PMID 10451156.
- ↑ Ortega YR, Nagle R, Gilman RH, Watanabe J, Miyagui J, Quispe H; et al. (1997). "Pathologic and clinical findings in patients with cyclosporiasis and a description of intracellular parasite life-cycle stages". J Infect Dis. 176 (6): 1584–9. PMID 9395371.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Shlim DR, Cohen MT, Eaton M, Rajah R, Long EG, Ungar BL (1991). "An alga-like organism associated with an outbreak of prolonged diarrhea among foreigners in Nepal". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 45 (3): 383–9. PMID 1928575.
- ↑ Sifuentes-Osornio J, Porras-Cortés G, Bendall RP, Morales-Villarreal F, Reyes-Terán G, Ruiz-Palacios GM (1995). "Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in patients with and without AIDS: biliary disease as another clinical manifestation". Clin Infect Dis. 21 (5): 1092–7. PMID 8589126.
- ↑ Sancak B, Akyon Y, Ergüven S (2006). "Cyclospora infection in five immunocompetent patients in a Turkish university hospital". J Med Microbiol. 55 (Pt 4): 459–62. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.46279-0. PMID 16533995.