Rhabdomyolysis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Injuries leading to rhabdomyolysis can be due to mechanical, physical, and chemical causes.

Electric current
Extreme physical exertion (although most heavy exercise does not cause kidney damage)^[1]
High fever or hyperthermia

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen and Oxycodone
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Alcohol
Anoxia of the muscle (e.g., Bywaters' syndrome, toxin- and drug-related)
Antibiotics
Any drug that directly or indirectly impairs the production or use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by skeletal muscle, or increases energy requirements so as to exceed ATP production, can cause rhabdomyolysis.^[2]
Certain mushrooms like Tricholoma equestre
Electrolyte abnormalities
Endocrinopathy
First-generation H1-receptor antagonists (e.g., diphenhydramine)
Heritable muscle enzyme deficiencies
Metabolic disorders,
Skeletal muscle relaxants that are consumed in overdose are rarely associated with this condition.^[3]
Statin
Various animal toxins

↑ Clarkson P, Kearns A, Rouzier P, Rubin R, Thompson P (2006). "Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 38 (4): 623–7. PMID 16679975.
↑ Larbi EB (1998). "Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis". Annals of Saudi medicine. 18 (6): 525–30. PMID 17344731.
↑ Chabria SB (2006). "Rhabdomyolysis: a manifestation of cyclobenzaprine toxicity". Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England). 1: 16. doi:10.1186/1745-6673-1-16. PMID 16846511.