Tumor lysis syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Drug Side Effect
Overview
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities resulting from rapid lysis of malignant cells and massive release of cell breakdown products into the blood among patients with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy. The most common tumors associated with this syndrome are poorly differentiated lymphomas, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, and leukemias, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Usually, the precipitating medication regimen includes combination chemotherapy, but those patients with lymphoma and ALL can be affected with steroid treatment alone.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Tumor lysis syndrome is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect |
Bortezomib, Cytarabine, cytotoxic chemotherapy, etoposide, fludarabine, glucocorticoids, hydroxyurea, imatinib, lenalidomide , paclitaxel, rituximab, thalidomide, zoledronic acid |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes|- |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | |
| Oncologic |
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia , acute myeloid leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma , anaplastic large cell lymphoma, breast cancer , Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, germ cell tumors , hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hodgkin's disease, isolated plasmacytomas, mantle cell lymphoma, medulloblastoma, melanoma, metastatic colorectal cancer , multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian cancer , rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, thalidomide, transformed lymphoma, urothelial cancer |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy |
No underlying causes|- |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |