Sandbox g42

Revision as of 22:55, 19 June 2015 by Gerald Chi- (talk | contribs) (Created page with "==Empiric Therapy== <SMALL><font color="#FF4C4C">'''▸ Click on the following categories to expand treatment regimens.'''</font><ref name="van de Beek-2010">{{Cite journal...")
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Empiric Therapy

▸ Click on the following categories to expand treatment regimens.[1][2]

Community-Acquired

  ▸  Newborns, Age <1 Week

  ▸  Newborns, Age 1—4 Weeks

  ▸  Infants & Children

  ▸  Adults, Age <50 Years

  ▸  Adults, Age >50 Years

  ▸  Immunocompromised

  ▸  Recurrent

Nosocomial

  ▸  Postneurosurgical Infection

  ▸  CSF Shunt Infection

  ▸  Penetrating Trauma

  ▸  Basilar Skull Fracture

Newborns, Age <1 Week
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 50 mg/kg IV q8h
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 50 mg/kg IV q8—12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 50 mg/kg IV q8h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg IV q12h
Newborns, Age 1—4 Weeks
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 50 mg/kg IV q6—8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 200 mg/kg/day IV q6—8h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg IV q8h
OR
▸ Tobramycin 2.5 mg/kg IV q8h
OR
▸ Amikacin 10 mg/kg IV q8h
Infants & Children
Preferred Regimen†
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 75 mg/kg IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 80—100 mg/kg/day IV q12—24h
Alternative Regimen†
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Meropenem 40 mg/kg IV q8h
† Add Ampicillin 75 mg/kg IV q6h if suspecting Listeria monocytogenes.
Adults, Age <50 Years
Preferred Regimen†
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen†
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
† Add Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h if suspecting Listeria monocytogenes.
Adults, Age >50 Years
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
PLUS
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
PLUS
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)
Immunocompromised
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
PLUS
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
Recurrent
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Postneurosurgical Infection
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8—12h
CSF Shunt Infection
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8—12h
Penetrating Trauma
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8—12h
Basilar Skull Fracture
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8—12h


CSF Gram Stain-Based Therapy

▸ Click on the following categories to expand treatment regimens.[3][2]

Gram-Positive

  ▸  Gram-Positive Cocci in Chains

  ▸  Gram-Positive Cocci in Pairs

  ▸  Gram-Positive (Cocco-)Bacilli

Gram-Negative

  ▸  Gram-Negative Cocci in Pairs

  ▸  Gram-Negative Coccobacilli

  ▸  Gram-Negative Bacilli

Gram-Positive Cocci in Chains
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q8—12h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
Gram-Positive Cocci in Pairs
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Gram-Positive (Cocco-)Bacilli
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Gram-Negative Cocci in Pairs
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
OR
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
OR
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
Gram-Negative Coccobacilli
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
OR
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
Gram-Negative Bacilli
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
OR
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)


Pathogen-Based Therapy — Bacteria

▸ Click on the following categories to expand treatment regimens.[3][2]

Bacteria

  ▸  Acinetobacter baumannii

  ▸  Enterobacteriaceae

  ▸  Haemophilus influenzae

  ▸  Listeria monocytogenes

  ▸  Neisseria meningitidis

  ▸  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  ▸  Staphylococcus aureus

  ▸  Staphylococcus epidermidis

  ▸  Streptococcus agalactiae

  ▸  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Mycobacteria

  ▸  Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Spirochetes

  ▸  Borrelia burgdorferi

  ▸  Treponema pallidum

Acinetobacter baumannii
Preferred Regimen
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Colistin 1.25 mg/kg IV q6—12h
OR
▸ Polymyxin B 0.75—1.25 mg/kg IV q12h
Enterobacteriaceae
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
OR
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
H. influenzae, β-lactamase Negative
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
OR
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
OR
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
H. influenzae, β-lactamase Positive
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
OR
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
H. influenzae, β-lactamase Negative, Ampicillin Resistant
Preferred Regimen
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
Listeria monocytogenes
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)
N. meningitidis, Penicillin MIC <0.1 μg/mL
Preferred Regimen
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
OR
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
N. meningitidis, Penicillin MIC ≥0.1 μg/mL
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
OR
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Aztreonam 2 g IV q6—8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8—12h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin sensitive
Preferred Regimen
▸ Nafcillin 1.5—2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Oxacillin 1.5—2 g IV q4h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
OR
▸ Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h
OR
▸ Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h
Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Rifampin 600 mg IV q24h
Alternative Regimen
▸ TMP/SMZ 5 mg/kg IV q6—12h (TMP component)
OR
▸ Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h
OR
▸ Daptomycin 6 mg/kg IV q24h
PLUS
▸ Rifampin 600 mg IV q24h
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Rifampin 600 mg IV q24h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h
PLUS
▸ Rifampin 600 mg IV q24h
Streptococcus agalactiae
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
OR
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
PLUS
▸ Gentamicin 1.7 mg/kg IV q8h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
OR
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
S. pneumoniae, Penicillin MIC ≤0.06 μg/mL
Preferred Regimen
▸ Penicillin G 4 MU IV q4h
OR
▸ Ampicillin 2 g IV q4h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
OR
▸ Chloramphenicol 1—1.5 g IV q6h
S. pneumoniae, Penicillin MIC ≥0.12 μg/mL, Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone MIC <1.0 μg/mL
Preferred Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefepime 2 g IV q8h
OR
▸ Meropenem 2 g IV q8h
S. pneumoniae, Penicillin MIC ≥0.12 μg/mL, Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone MIC ≥1.0 μg/mL
Preferred Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q4—6h
OR
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q12h
PLUS
▸ Rifampin 600 mg IV q24h
Alternative Regimen
▸ Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q6h (trough 15—20 μg/mL)
PLUS
▸ Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV q24h
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (New Patients)
Intensive Phase
▸ Isoniazid 5 mg/kg PO qd × 2 months
OR
▸ Isoniazid 10 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
PLUS
▸ Rifampicin 10 mg/kg PO qd × 2 months
OR
▸ Rifampicin 10 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
PLUS
▸ Pyrazinamide 25 mg/kg PO qd × 2 months
OR
▸ Pyrazinamide 35 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
PLUS
▸ Streptomycin 15 mg/kg PO qd × 2 months
OR
▸ Streptomycin 15 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
Continuation Phase
▸ Isoniazid 5 mg/kg PO qd × 4 months
OR
▸ Isoniazid 10 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
PLUS
▸ Rifampicin 10 mg/kg PO qd × 4 months
OR
▸ Rifampicin 10 mg/kg PO 3 times per week × 2 months
Adapted from Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines.[4]
Borrelia burgdorferi
Preferred Regimen
▸ Ceftriaxone 2 g IV q24h × 10—28 days
Alternative Regimen
▸ Cefotaxime 2 g IV q8h × 10—28 days
OR
▸ Penicillin G 3—4 MU IV q4h × 10—28 days
OR
▸ Doxycycline 100—200 mg PO q12h × 10—28 days
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(9):1089-134.[5]
Treponema pallidum
Preferred Regimen
▸ Penicillin G 3—4 MU IV q4h × 10—14 days
Alternative Regimen
▸ Procaine penicillin 2.4 MU IM q24h × 10—14 days
PLUS
▸ Probenecid 500 mg PO q6h × 10—14 days
Adapted from MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-11):1-94.[6]


Pathogen-Based Therapy — Fungi, Helminths, and Protozoan

▸ Click on the following categories to expand treatment regimens.

Fungi

  ▸  Blastomyces dermatitidis

  ▸  Candida spp.

  ▸  Coccidioides immitis

  ▸  Cryptococcus neoformans

  ▸  Histoplasma capsulatum

Helminths

  ▸  Angiostrongylus cantonensis

  ▸  Baylisascaris procyonis

  ▸  Gnathostoma spinigerum

Protozoan

  ▸  Naegleria fowleri

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Preferred Regimen
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 5 mg/kg/day IV × 4—6 weeks
FOLLOWED BY
▸ Fluconazole 800 mg PO qd × ≥12 months until CSF abnl resolves
OR
▸ Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid—tid × ≥12 months until CSF abnl resolves
OR
▸ Voriconazole 200—400 mg PO bid × ≥12 months until CSF abnl resolves
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(12):1801-12.[7]
Candida spp.
Preferred Regimen
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—5 mg/kg/day IV
WITH OR WITHOUT
▸ Flucytosine 25 mg/kg PO qid
Alternative Regimen
▸ Fluconazole 400—800 mg PO qd (6—12 mg/kg IV q24h)
OR
▸ Voriconazole 400 mg PO bid × 2 doses FOLLOWED BY 200 mg PO bid
OR
▸ Voriconazole 6 mg/kg IV q12h × 2 doses FOLLOWED BY 3 mg/kg IV q12h
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(5):503-35.[8]
Coccidioides immitis
Preferred Regimen
▸ Fluconazole 400 mg PO qd
Alternative Regimen
▸ Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid—tid
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(9):1217-23.[9]
C. neoformans, HIV–infected
Induction Therapy: Preferred Regimen 1
▸ Amphotericin B 0.7—1.0 mg/kg IV q24h for ≥2 weeks
OR
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—4 mg/kg IV q24h for ≥2 weeks
OR
▸ Amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg IV q24h for ≥2 weeks
PLUS
▸ Flucytosine 25 mg/kg PO q6h for ≥2 weeks
Induction Therapy: Preferred Regimen 2
▸ Amphotericin B 0.7—1.0 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
OR
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—4 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
OR
▸ Amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
Induction Therapy: Alternative Regimen 1
▸ Amphotericin B 0.7 mg/kg IV q24h for 2 weeks
PLUS
▸ Fluconazole 800 mg PO q24h for 2 weeks
Induction Therapy: Alternative Regimen 2
▸ Fluconazole 1200 mg PO q24h for 6 weeks
PLUS
▸ Flucytosine 100 mg/kg PO q24h for 6 weeks
Induction Therapy: Alternative Regimen 3
▸ Fluconazole 800—2000 mg PO q24h for 10—12 weeks
Induction Therapy: Alternative Regimen 4
▸ Itraconazole 200 mg PO q12h for 10—12 weeks
Consolidation Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 400 mg PO q24h for 8 weeks
Maintenance Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 200 mg PO q24h for ≥1 year
OR
▸ Itraconazole 400 mg PO q24h for ≥1 year
OR
▸ Amphotericin B 1.0 mg/kg/week IV for ≥1 year
C. neoformans, Organ Transplant Recipients
Induction Therapy: Preferred Regimen
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—4 mg/kg IV q24h for ≥2 weeks
OR
▸ Amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg IV q24h for ≥2 weeks
PLUS
▸ Flucytosine 25 mg/kg PO q6h for ≥2 weeks
Induction Therapy: Alternative Regimen
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—4 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
OR
▸ Amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
Consolidation Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 400—800 mg PO q24h for 8 weeks
Maintenance Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 200—400 mg PO q24h for 6—12 months
C. neoformans, Non–HIV-Infected and Nontransplant Hosts
Induction Therapy: Preferred Regimen
▸ Amphotericin B 0.7—1.0 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
OR
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 3—4 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
OR
▸ Amphotericin B lipid complex 5 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
PLUS
▸ Flucytosine 25 mg/kg PO q6h for 4—6 weeks
Consolidation Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 400—800 mg PO q24h for 8 weeks
Maintenance Therapy
▸ Fluconazole 200 mg PO q24h for 6—12 months
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(3):291-322.[10]
Histoplasma capsulatum
Preferred Regimen
▸ Liposomal Amphotericin B 5 mg/kg IV q24h for 4—6 weeks
FOLLOWED BY
▸ Itraconazole 200 mg PO bid—tid for ≥12 months
Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(7):807-25.[11]
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Preferred Regimen
▸ Albendazole 15–20 mg/kg/day PO qd–bid for 10–20 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 10–20 days
Alternative Regimen
▸ Mebendazole 100 mg PO bid for 10–20 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 10–20 days
Adapted from Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8(10):621-30. and Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(3):322-7.[12][13]
Baylisascaris procyonis
Preferred Regimen
▸ Albendazole 25–50 mg/kg PO qd or 400 mg PO bid for 10 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 10 days
Alternative Regimen
▸ Thiabendazole 50 mg/kg/day PO bid for 10 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 10 days
Adapted from Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(4):703-18. and Clin Infect Dis. 2004;15;39(10):1484-92.[14][15]
Gnathostoma spinigerum
Preferred Regimen
▸ Albendazole 400 mg PO bid for 3 weeks
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 3 weeks
Alternative Regimen
▸ Ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg PO qd for 2 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 10–20 mg PO qd for 3 weeks
Adapted from Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(3):484-92. and Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(3):322-7.[16][13]
Gnathostoma spinigerum
Preferred Regimen
▸ Amphotericin B 1.5 mg/kg/day IV q12h for 3 days
FOLLOWED BY
▸ Amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/day IV for 6 days
PLUS
▸ Amphotericin B 1.5 mg/kg/day intrathecal for 2 days
FOLLOWED BY
▸ Amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/day intrathecal qod for 8 days
Alternative Regimen
▸ Amphotericin B 0.25–1 mg/kg/day IV q24h for 2 weeks
PLUS
▸ Fluconazole 10 mg/kg IV q24h for 30 days
PLUS
▸ Rifampicin 10 mg/kg PO qd for 30 days
PLUS
▸ Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg IV q6h for 30 days
Adapted from MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57(21):573-7. and Arch Med Res. 2005;36(1):83-6.[17][18]

References

  1. ↑ van de Beek, D.; Drake, JM.; Tunkel, AR. (2010). "Nosocomial bacterial meningitis". N Engl J Med. 362 (2): 146–54. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0804573. PMID 20071704. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 van de Beek, D.; Brouwer, MC.; Thwaites, GE.; Tunkel, AR. (2012). "Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis". Lancet. 380 (9854): 1693–702. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61186-6. PMID 23141618. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM et al. (2004) Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 39 (9):1267-84. DOI:10.1086/425368 PMID: [1]
  4. ↑ Treatment of tuberculosis : guidelin. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010. ISBN 978-92-4-154783-3.
  5. ↑ Wormser, GP.; Dattwyler, RJ.; Shapiro, ED.; Halperin, JJ.; Steere, AC.; Klempner, MS.; Krause, PJ.; Bakken, JS.; Strle, F. (2006). "The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 43 (9): 1089–134. doi:10.1086/508667. PMID 17029130. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Workowski, KA.; Berman, SM. (2006). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006". MMWR Recomm Rep. 55 (RR-11): 1–94. PMID 16888612. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Chapman, SW.; Dismukes, WE.; Proia, LA.; Bradsher, RW.; Pappas, PG.; Threlkeld, MG.; Kauffman, CA. (2008). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of blastomycosis: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 46 (12): 1801–12. doi:10.1086/588300. PMID 18462107. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Pappas, PG.; Kauffman, CA.; Andes, D.; Benjamin, DK.; Calandra, TF.; Edwards, JE.; Filler, SG.; Fisher, JF.; Kullberg, BJ. (2009). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 48 (5): 503–35. doi:10.1086/596757. PMID 19191635. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Galgiani, JN.; Ampel, NM.; Blair, JE.; Catanzaro, A.; Johnson, RH.; Stevens, DA.; Williams, PL. (2005). "Coccidioidomycosis". Clin Infect Dis. 41 (9): 1217–23. doi:10.1086/496991. PMID 16206093. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Perfect, JR.; Dismukes, WE.; Dromer, F.; Goldman, DL.; Graybill, JR.; Hamill, RJ.; Harrison, TS.; Larsen, RA.; Lortholary, O. (2010). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (3): 291–322. doi:10.1086/649858. PMID 20047480. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Wheat, LJ.; Freifeld, AG.; Kleiman, MB.; Baddley, JW.; McKinsey, DS.; Loyd, JE.; Kauffman, CA. (2007). "Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 45 (7): 807–25. doi:10.1086/521259. PMID 17806045. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Wang, QP.; Lai, DH.; Zhu, XQ.; Chen, XG.; Lun, ZR. (2008). "Human angiostrongyliasis". Lancet Infect Dis. 8 (10): 621–30. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70229-9. PMID 18922484. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ramirez-Avila, L.; Slome, S.; Schuster, FL.; Gavali, S.; Schantz, PM.; Sejvar, J.; Glaser, CA. (2009). "Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus and Gnathostoma species". Clin Infect Dis. 48 (3): 322–7. doi:10.1086/595852. PMID 19123863. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ Gavin, PJ.; Kazacos, KR.; Shulman, ST. (2005). "Baylisascariasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 18 (4): 703–18. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.703-718.2005. PMID 16223954. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ Murray, WJ.; Kazacos, KR. (2004). "Raccoon roundworm encephalitis". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (10): 1484–92. doi:10.1086/425364. PMID 15546085. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ Herman, JS.; Chiodini, PL. (2009). "Gnathostomiasis, another emerging imported disease". Clin Microbiol Rev. 22 (3): 484–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00003-09. PMID 19597010. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis--Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 57 (21): 573–7. 2008. PMID 18509301. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Vargas-Zepeda, J.; Gómez-Alcalá, AV.; Vásquez-Morales, JA.; Licea-Amaya, L.; De Jonckheere, JF.; Lares-Villa, F. "Successful treatment of Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis by using intravenous amphotericin B, fluconazole and rifampicin". Arch Med Res. 36 (1): 83–6. PMID 15900627.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_g42&oldid=1112355"