WBR1013

Author	[[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1]]]
Exam Type	ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category	MainCategory::Physiology
Sub Category	SubCategory::Cardiology
Prompt	[[Prompt::Cardiovascular parameters are collected from the charts of hospitalized patients with different medical conditions for a retrospective study. One of the patients has the following parameters: Systolic blood pressure: 160 mmHg Diastolic blood pressure: 60 mmHg Pulse: 90 beats per minute Which of the following medical conditions is most likely present in this patient?]]
Answer A	AnswerA::Aortic stenosis
Answer A Explanation	[[AnswerAExp::Aortic stenosis is characterized by a decreased pulse pressure.]]
Answer B	AnswerB::Cardiac tamponade
Answer B Explanation	[[AnswerBExp::Cardiac tamponade is characterized by a decreased pulse pressure.]]
Answer C	AnswerC::Heart failure
Answer C Explanation	[[AnswerCExp::Progressed heart failure is characterized by a decreased pulse pressure.]]
Answer D	AnswerD::Cardiogenic shock
Answer D Explanation	[[AnswerDExp::Cardiogenic shock is characterized by a decreased pulse pressure.]]
Answer E	AnswerE::Hyperthyroidism
Answer E Explanation	[[AnswerEExp::Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an elevated pulse pressure.]]
Right Answer	RightAnswer::E
Explanation	[[Explanation::The pulse pressure of this patient is: Pulse pressure= systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure= 160 - 60= 100 mmHg The patient has an elevated pulse pressure which can be found in hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation and obstructive sleep apnea. Aortic stenosis, cardiac tamponade, progressed heart failure and cardiogenic shock are characterized by a low pulse pressure. Educational Objective: Pulse pressure is elevated can be elevated in hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation and obstructive sleep apnea; while it can be low in aortic stenosis, cardiac tamponade, progressed heart failure and cardiogenic shock. References: First Aid 2015 page 272]]
Approved	Approved::No
Keyword	WBRKeyword::Pulse pressure, WBRKeyword::hyperthyroidism, WBRKeyword::Cardiology, WBRKeyword::Heart, WBRKeyword::Vascular, WBRKeyword::Pulse
Linked Question	Linked::
Order in Linked Questions	LinkedOrder::