Teratoma classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Classification

• GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.[4,5] Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:

• Gonadal.
• Extragonadal.

• Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.
• Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:

• Mature teratomas.
• Immature teratomas.
• Malignant GCTs.
• GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:
• Germinoma.
• Germinoma.
• Dysgerminoma (ovary).
• Seminoma (testis).
• Nongerminoma.
• Teratoma (mature and immature).
• Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).

Choriocarcinoma. Embryonal carcinoma. Gonadoblastoma. Mixed GCT (contains more than one of the histologies above).