Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
|
Renal cell carcinoma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms |
Overview
Most patients follow an asymptomatic course. Among symptomatic patients, hematuria accounts for 60% of symptoms and is considered the most common symptom of patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Symptoms
Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic.
Local Symptoms
The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker[1]. Common local symptoms are listed below[1]:
- Hematuria
- Flank pain
- Palpable abdominal mass
Systemic Symptoms
The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.[1] Common systemic symptoms are listed below[1]:
- Hypertension (renin secretion)
- Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
- Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Anorexia
- Muscle atrophy
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.