Urethral cancer
|
Urethral cancer Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Urethral cancer On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Urethral cancer |
For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Urethral cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Overview
Urethral cancer is a rare type of cancer originating from the urethra. It is more common in women than in men. Types of urethral cancer include transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. It is also a disease in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the urethra.
Risk Factors:
- Having a history of bladder cancer.
- Having conditions that cause chronic swollen reddened part in the urethra.
- Age 60 or older.
- Being a white female.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Symptoms: These are the symptoms that may be caused by urethral cancer:
- Hematuria: Bleeding from the urethra or blood in the urine.
- Urinary Hesitation: Weak or interrupted flow of urine.
- Polyuria: Urination occurs often.
Physical Examination
- A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis.
- Discharge from the urethra.
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area.
Other Diagnostic Studies
In male urethral cancer, diagnosis is established by transurethral biopsy. In women the diagnosis is established in much the same way. Pathologically most tumors are squamous cell carcinomas although transitional cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and melanomas may also be seen.
Treatment
Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the urethra. One of the following types of surgery may be done:
- Open excision surgery
- Electro-resection with flash surgery
- Laser surgery
- Cystourethrectomy surgery
- Cystoprostatectomy surgery
- Anterior body cavity surgery
- Incomplete penectomy surgery
- Basic penectomy surgery
References
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]