Urethral cancer surgery
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Urethral cancer Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Urethral cancer surgery On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Urethral cancer surgery |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Urethral cancer surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for urethral cancer. However, it is not recommended among patients with metastatic urethral cancer.
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for urethral cancers in both women and men. The surgical approach depends on tumor stage and anatomic location, and tumor grade plays a less important role in treatment decisions. Although the traditional recommendation has been to achieve a 2-cm tumor-free margin, the optimal surgical margin has not been rigorously studied and is not well defined. [1]
- The role of lymph node dissection is not clear in the absence of clinical involvement, and the role of prophylactic dissection is controversial.
- Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may be added in some cases in patients with extensive disease or in an attempt at organ preservation; but there are no clear guidelines for patient selection, and the low level of evidence precludes confident conclusions about their incremental benefit.
- Ablative techniques, such as transurethral resection, electroresection and fulguration, or laser vaporization-coagulation, are used to preserve organ function in cases of superficial anterior tumors, although the supporting literature is scant.
- Surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the urethra. One of the following types of surgery may be done:
- Open excision surgery
- Electro-resection with flash surgery
- Laser surgery
- Cystourethrectomy surgery
- Cystoprostatectomy surgery
- Anterior body cavity surgery
- Incomplete penectomy surgery
- Basic penectomy surgery
References
- ↑ National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq