Adrenolipoma overview
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Adrenolipoma Microchapters |
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Adrenolipoma overview On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]
Overview
Adrenolipomas are rare benign neoplasms that histologically consist of fat and bone marrow in varying proportions. In general, they are small, unilateral, and hormonally inactive. They are rich in adipose tissue and hematopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic. Adrenolipomas are usually detected incidentally in autopsy or by imaging studies performed for other reasons. Most tumors are unilateral, they show no predilection to one peculiar side. Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain, haematuria, and abdominal fullness. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment.
Historical Perspective
Adrenolipoma was first discovered by Gierke in 1905.[1]
Pathophysiology
On gross pathology, central congested red to brown lesion, with thin cortical rim is a characteristic finding of adrenolipoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, variable amounts of adipocytes and hematopietic cells are characteristic findings of adrenolipoma.
Differentiating Adrenolipoma from other Disease
Adrenolioma must be differentiated from retroperitoneal liposarcoma, adrenal teratoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of adrenolipoma is approximately 0.8-4 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Adrenolipoma affects men and women equally.[1]
Complications
Common complications of adrenolipoma include Cushing syndrome, Conn syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and retroperitoneal haemorrhage.[1]
Symptoms
Symptoms of adrenolipoma include abdominal pain and haematuria, and abdominal fullness.
Diagnosis
CT
Abdominal CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.
MRI
Abdominal MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of adrenolipoma.
Ultrasonography
On ultrasound, adrenolipoma is characterized by heterogenous mass of mixed hyper- and hypoechoic components.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Other diagnostic studies for adrenolipoma include fine needle aspiration and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (FDG).[1]
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of large adrenolipomas.