Carcinoma of the penis pathophysiology

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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Joel Gelman, M.D. [2], Director of the Center for Reconstructive Urology and Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Urology at the University of California,Irvine

Pathogenesis

• Penile cancer arises from precursor lesions, which generally progress from low-grade to high-grade lesions.
• For HPV related penile cancers this sequence is as follows:

• A. Squamous hyperplasia
• B. Low-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
• C. High-grade PIN (carcinoma in situ—Bowen's disease, Erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis (BP))
• D. Invasive carcinoma of the penis

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