Carcinoma of the penis risk factors

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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Joel Gelman, M.D. [2], Director of the Center for Reconstructive Urology and Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Urology at the University of California,Irvine

Risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of penile cancer include:

• Human papillomavirus
• Phimosis
• Poor genital hygiene
• Not being circumcised
• Weakened immune system
• Smoking
• Treatment for psoriasis

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