Angiomyolipoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [4]

Overview

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few problems. Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis.Common complications of angiomyolipoma include infection, hematuria and flank pain.

Natural History

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few problems. Angiomyolipomas grow as rapidly as 4 cm in one year.

Prognosis

Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis. An angiomyolipoma larger than 5 cm and those containing an aneurysm pose a significant risk of rupture, which is a medical emergency as it is potentially life-threatening. Cumulative risk of haemorrhage is estimated to be:

• 10% in men
• 20% in women

Complications

Common complications of angiomyolipoma include:

• Infections
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Shock as a result of spontaneous hemorrhage

• 

  Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal angiomyolipoma.