Thymoma surgery
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Thymoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Case Studies |
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Thymoma surgery On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Thymoma surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
Surgery
Complete resection may require resection of the adjacent structures, including pleura, lungs, pericardium, phrenic nerves and sometimes major vascular structures. Pleural surfaces should be examined for fear of metastasis. There is no long term data to support minimally invasive procedures.[1] A full median sternotomy is the standard open approach. The mediastinum must be explored for cervical thymus extensions and laterally down to the phrenic nerves.
| Stage I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Diagnosis of thymoma | Resectable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemotherapy single agent e.g. IFo or combination e.g. ADOC or CAPP | Surgical resection | Incomplete resection | Radio/chemo therapy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stage II/III/IV | Unresectable | Radiotherapy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Relapse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resectable | Unresectable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Radiotherapy | Corticosteroids/octreotide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Surgical resection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incomplete resection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Radiotherapy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. If the tumor is apparently invasive and large, preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be used to decrease the size and improve resectability, before surgery is attempted. When the tumor is an early stage (Masaoka I through IIB), no further therapy is necessary. Malignant tumors may need additional treatment with radiotherapy, or sometimes with chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin.[3]
References
- ↑ "https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf" (PDF). External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ "http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract". External link in
|title=(help) - ↑ Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ (1999). "Thymoma: state of the art". Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 17 (7): 2280–9. PMID 10561285. Text "accessdate" ignored (help); Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)