Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Symptoms of carcinoid tumor include flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, abdominal cramps, wheezing, and cough.

History

When evaluating a patient for carcinoid syndrome, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough past medical history review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:

• Review of any family history of predisposing genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or neurofibromatosis type 1

Symptoms

Carcinoid Syndrome

Common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include:

• Flushing
• Diarrhea
• Wheezing
• Abdominal cramping
• Swelling of leg
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations

• Weight gain

• Hirsutism

• Weakness

This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, hemorrhage or pressure effects of the tumor are the presenting symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Facial flushing
• Rash
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pellagra, which causes scale-like skin sores, diarrhea, and mental disturbances
• Melena

Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of lung carcinoid tumor include:

• Post-obstructive pneumonia
• Wheezing
• Cough

Thymic Carcinoids

Approximately 40% of patients with thymic carcinoid have Cushing syndrome as a result of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by the tumor.

Carcinoid Heart Disease

Carcinoid heart disease develops in more than one-third of patients with carcinoid syndrome. Symptoms include:

• Tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Mitral and aortic insufficiency
• Cardiac dysrhythmias

References

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