Zollinger-Ellison syndrome overview
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
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Overview
Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. The diagnosis is also suspected in patients without symptoms who have severe ulceration of the stomach and small bowel, especially if they fail to respond to treatment.
Gastrinomas may occur as single tumors or as multiple, small tumors. About one-half to two-thirds of single gastrinomas are malignant tumors that most commonly spread to the liver and lymph nodes near the pancreas and small bowel. Nearly 25 percent of patients with gastrinomas have multiple tumors as part of a condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I). MEN I patients have tumors in their pituitary gland and parathyroid glands in addition to tumors of the pancreas.
Historical Perspective
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was first discovered by Zollinger RM and Ellison EH in 1955.[1]
Pathophysiology
Development of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is the result of increased levels of gastrin due to an existing gastrinoma in the duodenum or pancreas.[1]
Causes
The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).[2]
Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome must be differentiated from gastric antrum syndrome[3], antral G-cell hyperplasia, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and hypergastrinemia.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 2015.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome
- ↑ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes
- ↑ SCOBIE BA, MCGILL DB, PRIESTLEY JT, ROVELSTAD RA (1964). "EXCLUDED GASTRIC ANTRUM SIMULATING THE ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME". Gastroenterology. 47: 184–7. PMID 14201408.