Waldenström's macroglobulinemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
- Most patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia are initially asymptomatic. If left untreated, most of the patients will develop symptomatic Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
Complication
Common complications
- Primary amyloidosis - Amyloidosis of the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and joints[1]
- Heart failure - hyperviscosity syndrome and anemia occuring concurrently can cause plasma volume expansion precipitating heart failure.[2]
- Diarrhea and malabsorption due to gastrointestinal involvement
- Bleeding manifestations due to dysfunction of platelet, coagulation factor, and fibrinogen
- Raynaud phenomenon due to cryoglobulinemia
Rare complications
- Richter's transformation also Known as Large Cell Transformation[3]
- Bing-Neel Syndrome - Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Prognosis
Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia survive for a median of approximately 78 months.[4]
Favorable prognostic factor
- Nodular type of bone marrow involvement
Poor prognostic factor
- Age older than 65 years
- Hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL
- Albumin level less than 4.0 g/dL
- Elevated beta-2-microglobulin level
References
- ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a3 Accessed on November 10, 2015
- ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. UpToDate (2015)http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia?source=machineLearning&search=Waldenström%27s+macroglobulinemia&selectedTitle=1%7E80§ionRank=3&anchor=H29#H6 Accessed on November 10, 2015
- ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. International Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Foundation (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 25, 2015
- ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a7 Accessed on November 10, 2015