Tongue cancer risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of oral cancer is alcohol intake, tobacco use and human papillomavirus transmitted through sexual contact. The other risk factors include history of betel quid intake, male gender, age over 55 year, ultraviolet light, Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, lichen planus, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immune system suppression, mouthwash and irritation from dentures.
Risk Factors
The major risk factors in the development of tongue cancer includes the following:
- Tobacco smoking
- Alcohol ingestion
- Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV type 16[1]
Other less potent risk factors includes the following:
- Lifestyle
- Betel quid
- Genetics
- Fanconi anemia
- Dyskeratosis congenita
- Family history of squamous cell carcinoma
- General
- Male gender
- Ultraviolet light
- Age over 55 year
- Graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)
- Immune system suppression
- Lichen planus
- Unproven risk factors
- Mouthwash
- Irritation from dentures