Tongue cancer natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Natural History
Carcinomas of the tongue base are clinically silent until they deeply infiltrate the tongue musculature. They are usually less differentiated. Because of the difficulties with direct visualization, they may extend into the oral tongue or have clinical lymph metastases before the diagnosis is established.
Complications
Prognosis
Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good. The five- year mortality rate of patients with stage I and II cancers is 89 and 95 percent. The five-year survival rate calculated from a population-based database is reported as, 67 and 51 percent, respectively[1][2] The five- year disease specific survival rate of patients with stage III and IV cancers is 39 and 27 percent respectively.[3] Cancer of the tongue has been associated with a worse prognosis compared with other oral cavity subsites in some series.[4][5] In younger patients (ie, less than 40 years) the tongue cancer is found to have a more aggressive course.[6]
References
- ↑ W. L. Jr Hicks, J. H. Jr North, T. R. Loree, S. Maamoun, A. Mullins, J. B. Orner, V. Y. Bakamjian & D. P. Shedd (1998). "Surgery as a single modality therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue". American journal of otolaryngology. 19 (1): 24–28. PMID 09470947. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kyle Rusthoven, Ari Ballonoff, David Raben & Changhu Chen (2008). "Poor prognosis in patients with stage I and II oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma". Cancer. 112 (2): 345–351. doi:10.1002/cncr.23183. PMID 018041071. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Donald G. Sessions, Gershon J. Spector, Jason Lenox, Bruce Haughey, Clifford Chao & James Marks (2002). "Analysis of treatment results for oral tongue cancer". The Laryngoscope. 112 (4): 616–625. doi:10.1097/00005537-200204000-00005. PMID 012150512. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ M. J. Zelefsky, L. B. Harrison, D. E. Fass, J. Armstrong, R. H. Spiro, J. P. Shah & E. W. Strong (1990). "Postoperative radiotherapy for oral cavity cancers: impact of anatomic subsite on treatment outcome". Head & neck. 12 (6): 470–475. PMID 02258285. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ R. Bryan Bell, Deepak Kademani, Louis Homer, Eric J. Dierks & Bryce E. Potter (2007). "Tongue cancer: Is there a difference in survival compared with other subsites in the oral cavity?". Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 65 (2): 229–236. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.094. PMID 017236926. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ T. O. Truitt, L. L. Gleich, G. P. Huntress & J. L. Gluckman (1999). "Surgical management of hard palate malignancies". Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 121 (5): 548–552. PMID 010547468. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)