Primary thyroid lymphoma
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Thyroid lymphomas are classified as non–Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas in a majority of cases, although Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid has also been identified
Histopathology
The majority of thyroid lymphomas are non–Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas; the rest exhibit properties of T-cell lymphomas .
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with marginal zone
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without marginal zone
- Marginal zone В-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
- Follicular lymphoma
Pathophysiology
Thyroid lymphoma is a rare malignant tumor constituting 1% to 2% of all thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of lymphomas.
Histopathology
The majority of thyroid lymphomas are non–Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas; the rest exhibit properties of T-cell lymphomas .
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with marginal zone
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without marginal zone
- Marginal zone В-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
- Follicular lymphoma
Genetics
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- A...
- Z...
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Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Gender
Race
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Thyroid lymphoma shows a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in many cases, because some manifestation patterns are similar to [Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma ATC]. Performance of FNAB has helped to distinguish these two entities preoperatively.
History
A directed history should be obtained to ascertain
Symptoms
- Painless neck mass
- Hoarseness
- Dysphagia
- Signs of tracheal compression
Past Medical History
Family History
Social History
Occupational
Alcohol
The frequency and amount of alcohol consumption should be characterized.