Pineal teratoma
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Pineal teratomas; Pineal teratoblastoma; Pineal teratoid tumor; Pineal germ cell tumors; Pineal gland tumors; Brain tumor
Overview
- Pineal teratoma is an uncommon extra-axial intracranial cancer, which can have a bewildering variety of components and thus a wide range of appearances.[1]
- Pineal teratoma may be classified into three subtypes: mature, immature, and mature with malignant transformation.
- Mature teratomas are benign, mature, well-differentiated cystic lesions; whereas immature teratomas are poorly differentiated lesions with solid components and malignant transformation.[2]
- On other occasions, mature teratomas contain elements that undergo malignant transformation (most commonly squamous components).
- Fat
- Cystic spaces due to mucous production or other exocrine products
- Soft-tissue from any part of the body
- Calcification, including teeth
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal teratoma is characterized by cells originating from at least two and usually all three embryonic layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). The histological subtype may not necessarily determine the biological behavior.[3]
- Pineal teratomas may be associated with elevated levels of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) or serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).[3]
- Pineal teratoma must be differentiated from pineal lipoma, pineal dermoid, and other pineal gland tumors.[4]
- Common complications of pineal teratoma include:[5]
References
- ↑ Intracranial teratomas. Dr Alexandra Stanislavsky and Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-teratoma. Accessed on December 10, 2015
- ↑ Teratoma. Dr Jeremy Jones and Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/teratoma. Accessed on December 10, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pathology of extra-axial intracranial teratoma. Dr Alexandra Stanislavsky and Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-teratoma. Accessed on December 10, 2015
- ↑ Differential diagnosis of extra-axial intracranial teratomas. Dr Alexandra Stanislavsky and Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-teratoma. Accessed on December 10, 2015
- ↑ Clinical presentation of extra-axial intracranial teratoma. Dr Alexandra Stanislavsky and Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-teratoma. Accessed on December 10, 2015