Rocky Mountain spotted fever primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is exposure to infected ticks. Therefore proper prevention is achieved by emphasizing personal protection from ticks when traveling through a tick-infested habitats. Other risk factors include race, age, and seasonal variation.
Primary Prevention
Endemic Regions
Limiting exposure to ticks reduces the likelihood of infection with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In persons exposed to tick-infested habitats, prompt careful inspection and removal of crawling or attached ticks is an important method of preventing disease. It may take extended attachment time before organisms are transmitted from the tick to the host.
It is unreasonable to assume that a person can completely eliminate activities that may result in tick exposure. Therefore, prevention measures should emphasize personal protection when exposed to natural areas where ticks are present:
- Wear light-colored clothing which allows you to see ticks that are crawling on your clothing.
- Tuck your pants legs into your socks so that ticks cannot crawl up the inside of your pants legs.
- Apply repellents to discourage tick attachment. Repellents containing permethrin can be sprayed on boots and clothing, and will last for several days. Repellents containing DEET (n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide) can be applied to the skin, but will last only a few hours before reapplication is necessary. Use DEET with caution on children. Application of large amounts of DEET on children has been associated with adverse reactions.
- Conduct a body check upon return from potentially tick-infested areas by searching your entire body for ticks. Use a hand-held or full-length mirror to view all parts of your body. Remove any tick you find on your body.
- Parents should check their children for ticks, especially in the hair, when returning from potentially tick-infested areas. *Ticks may also be carried into the household on clothing and pets and only attach later, so both should be examined carefully to exclude ticks.
Race & Gender
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever has been reported at higher rates among male, especially of white and Native American descent.[1]
Age
- Highest incidence rate are among children between the ages of less than 10 years of age, especially 5-9, and adults between the ages of 40-64.[1]
- Children between 0-9 and adults 60+ are at a higher risk of RMSF related death.[2]
Seasonal Variation=
- 90% of patients with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are infected between the months of April through September. [2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dantas-Torres, Filipe. Lancet Infect Disease 2007;7:724-32. Department of Immunology, Center of Research Aggeu Magalhaes, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Recife Pernambuco, Brazil. Volume 7, November 2007. Accessed on January 11, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/stats/ Accessed on December 30, 2015