Osteoma overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Osteoma (also known as Osteomata ) is a benign, slow growing, bone lesion. Osteoma commonly arises from the frontal and ethmoid sinuses (75%).[1] This tumor is characterized as an outgrowth bone-forming tumor, because tumor cells produce normal bone in unusual locations. Osteoma may be incidentally identified as a mass in the skull, mandible, or as the underlying cause of sinusitis or mucocele formation within the paranasal sinuses. When they are multiple, Gardner syndrome should be considered.[1] Osteoma represents the most common benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The causes remain uncertain, but commonly accepted theories propose embryologic, traumatic, or infectious causes. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic. Excision may be performed if osteoma is responsible for symptoms.
Historical Perspective
In 1898, Paul Schulze, was the first to describe a craniofacial skeletal osteoma. [2]
Pathophysiology
Osteoma is a slow growing benign tumor of bone, occurring most commonly in the craniofacial skeletal structures, mainly in the nasal and paranasal (75-90%) cavities.
Causes
The cause of an osteoma has not been identified, but commonly accepted theories propose embryological, traumatic, or infective causes.