Paracoccidioidomycosis overview
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Overview
Paracoccidioidomycosis (also known as Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease or Brazilian blastomycosis) is a mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sometimes called South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes blastomycosis.
Historical Perspective
Lutz-Splendore-de Almeida disease is named for the physicians Adolfo Lutz, Alfonso Splendore, and Floriano Paulo de Almeida, who first characterized the disease in Brazil in the early 20th century. [1]
Classification
Paracoccidioidomycosis may be classified according to Franco et al. in 1987 into: paracoccidioidomycosis infection, paracoccidioidomycosis disease, paracoccidioidomycosis associated with inmunosupression and residual form (sequela). Based on the duration of symptoms, paracoccidioidomycosis disease may be classified into: acute, subacute or chronic. The chronic form can be subclassified into: unifocal and multifocal.[2][3]
Pathophysiology
Spores of Paracoccidioides spp. are transmitted via the respiratory route to the human host. Following transmission, Paracoccidiodes spp. particles invade the terminal bronchioles and alveoli where granulomas are formed, but can be inactive for approximately 40 years. [3] On microscopic histopathological analysis, a pilot's wheel or Mickey mouse ears-like appearance are a characteristic finding of PMC. [4] [5] [6]
Causes
Differential Diagnosis
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
References
- ↑ Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015
- ↑ de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F; et al. (2015). "Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis". Front Microbiol. 6: 1319. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. PMC 4658449. PMID 26635779.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA (2011). "Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis". An Bras Dermatol. 86 (3): 516–24. PMID 21738969.
- ↑ Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015
- ↑ Manns B.J, Baylis B.W, Urbanski S.J, Gibb A.P, Rabin H.R. Paracoccidioidomycosis: Case Report and Review. CID. 1996; 23: 1026-1032
- ↑ Vargas J, Vargas R. Paracoccidiodomicosis. Rev. enferm. infecc. trop.2009(1):49-56