Aortic regurgitation in the elderly
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Aortic Regurgitation Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Acute Aortic regurgitation |
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Chronic Aortic regurgitation |
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Aortic regurgitation in the elderly On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic regurgitation in the elderly |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
Incidence
The incidence of aortic regurgitation in the elderly is low in comparison to the incidence of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation.[1] The majority of elderly patients have combined aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency and the incidence of pure aortic insufficiency is rare.[2]
Etiology
- Acute aortic regurgitation in the elderly is due to either aortic dissection or infective endocarditis.
- Chronic aortic regurgitation is due to hypertension, calcification-related aortic stenosis, or bicuspid aortic valve causing ascending aorta dilatation with resultant aortic insufficiency.
Treatment
- The goal of surgery in the elderly is to improve the quality of life; hence, the presence of symptoms is an important guide to determining whether or not aortic valve replacement/repair should be performed.
- It is recommended that patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation with evidence of marked left ventricular dilatation or left ventricular dysfunction to undergo surgery.[3]
Prognosis
Younger and middle-aged patients with aortic regurgitation have better outcomes than elderly patients especially those over 75 years of age. Many of these patients have co-existing coronary heart diseases and develop left ventricular dysfunction and symptoms of heart failure earlier with poor postoperative survival rates.
References
- ↑ Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL, Lehman B, Benjamin EJ (1999). "Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 83 (6): 897–902. PMID 10190406. Retrieved 2011-03-28. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Akins CW, Daggett WM, Vlahakes GJ, Hilgenberg AD, Torchiana DF, Madsen JC, Buckley MJ (1997). "Cardiac operations in patients 80 years old and older". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 64 (3): 606–14, discussion 614–5. PMID 9307446. Retrieved 2011-04-07. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS (2008). "2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 118 (15): e523–661. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748. PMID 18820172. Retrieved 2011-03-28. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)