Otitis media physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Acute otitis media: patient is usually ill-appearing due to the usually-accompanying common cold symptoms.^[1]
Otitis media with effusion: patient is usually well-appearing.^[2]

Otoscopic examination of the ears may reveal the following signs indicative of otitis media:^[3]
- Erythema of the middle ear.
- Presence of effusion.^[4]
- Bulging of the tympanic membrane in otitis media with effusion.
- Cloudy appearance of the tympanic membrane.
- Immobility of the tympanic membrane.
- Tympanic membrane perforation.
Tympanometry may reveal hearing loss due to effusion, as measured by abnormally large reflection of sound due to elevated pressure from fluid buildup.^[4]