Japanese encephalitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
There are 24 countries in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions that have Japanese encephalitis virus transmission risk, a population of over 3 billion people.
Incidence
The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in patients younger than 19 years old is approximately 10-100 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
Developed Countries
Japanese encephalitis is a rare disease that tends to sporadically cause outbreaks which affect U.S. territories in the Western Pacific.
Developing Countries
Japanese encephalitis is a common disease that tends to affect approximately 30,000 to 70,000 individuals in Asia annually.[2]
Case-Fatality Rate
The case-fatality rate of Japanese encephalitis is approximately 20-30% worldwide.[3]
Age
Race
- Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia with 30-50,000 cases reported annually
- Fewer than 1 case/year in U.S. civilians and military personnel traveling to and living in Asia
The disease is endemic with seasonal distribution in temperate climate zones of Asia as well as South and South-East Asia. All year transmission is observed in tropical climate zones. Currently, JE is considered hyperendemic in parts of India and Nepal, where authorities have responded with immunization campaigns. Countries which have had major epidemics in the past, but which have controlled the disease primarily by vaccination, include China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Thailand. Other countries that still have periodic epidemics include Viet Nam, Cambodia, Myanmar, India, Nepal, and Malaysia.
Large outbreaks of JE with clear summer seasonality[4] also are periodically reported on the Indian subcontinent, as illustrated in Uttar Pradash, where 6097 suspected cases, including 1398 deaths, were reported between July 1 and November 10, 2005.
References
- ↑ Kollaritsch H, Paulke-Korinek M, Dubischar-Kastner K (2009). "IC51 Japanese encephalitis vaccine". Expert Opin Biol Ther. 9 (7): 921–31. doi:10.1517/14712590903042282. PMID 19527110.
- ↑ Japanese encephalitis - Fact sheet No 386. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs386/en/ Accessed on April 12, 2016
- ↑ Japanese encephalitis - Frequently Asked Questions. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015) http://www.cdc.gov/japaneseencephalitis/qa/index.html Accessed on April 12, 2016
- ↑ Vaughn DW, Hoke CH (1992). "The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: prospects for prevention". Epidemiol Rev. 14: 197–221. PMID 1337744.