Hypophysitis
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hypophysitis
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Commentary |
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Patient resources on Hypophysitis Discussion groups on Hypophysitis Patient Handouts on Hypophysitis Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypophysitis Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypophysitis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords:Autoimmune hypophysitis, lymphocytic hypophysitis
Overview
Hypophysitis is the inflammation of the pituitary gland that typically results in some degree of pituitary dysfunction, ranging from under secretion of some pituitary hormones to complete panhypopituitarism requiring lifelong hormone supplementation. While hypophysitis by itself is seldom life-threatening, the sequelae of pituitary inflammation, particularly adrenal insufficiency and severe hypothyroidism, may be fatal if unrecognized and left untreated. There are several recognized causes of hypophysitis, including lymphocytic infiltration, granulomatous infiltration (e.g. in the setting of a systemic granulomatous disease such as sarcoidosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis), and cell-mediated autoimmune reactivity in the setting of treatment of certain solid tumors with immunomodulatory checkpoint inhibitors (i.e. CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD-1 inhibitors). Although there are several different subtypes of hypophysitis, there are many commonalities in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of this rare endocrinopathy.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- A...
- Z...
Make sure that each diagnosis is linked to a page.
Differentiating type page name here from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
Gender
Race
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
If available, the diagnostic criteria are provided here.
History
A directed history should be obtained to ascertain
Symptoms
"Type symptom here" is pathognomonic of the "type disease name here".
"Type non specific symptoms" may be present.
Past Medical History
Family History
Social History
Occupational
Alcohol
The frequency and amount of alcohol consumption should be characterized.
Drug Use
Smoking
Allergies
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
Vital Signs
Skin
Head
Eyes
Ear
Nose
Mouth
Throat
Heart
Lungs
Abdomen
Extremities
Neurologic
Genitals
Other
Laboratory Findings
Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Acute Pharmacotherapies
Chronic Pharmacotherapies
Surgery and Device Based Therapy
Indications for Surgery
Pre-Operative Assessment
Post-Operative Management
Transplantation
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
References
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs