Acute respiratory distress syndrome epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is relatively uncommon, occurring in 1.5-13.5 people per 100,000. It can be associated with a number of trigger conditions such as sepsis, aspiration, and pneumonia.

Epidemiology and Demographics

• The annual incidence of ARDS is between 1.5 to 13.5 people per 100,000 in the general population
• Its incidence in the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanically ventilated population is much higher. Brun-Buisson et al. (2004) reported a prevalence of acute lung injury (ALI) (see below) of 16.1% percent in ventilated patients admitted for more than 4 hours. More than half these patients may develop ARDS.
• Mortality varies from 30% to 60%. Usually, randomized controlled trials in the literature show lower death rates, both in control and treatment patients. This is thought to be due to stricter enrollment criteria. Observational studies generally report 50%-60% mortality.