Autoimmune hemolytic anemia classification

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S

Classification

Haemolysis can be intravascular or extravascular.

Intravascular haemolysis
Red blood cell lysis occurs in the circulation as a result of activation of the complement system cascade.

Extravascular haemolysis
Red Blood Cells that are coated with antibodies are specifically recognised in the reticuloendothelial system and destroyed by macrophages.

Subtypes

• Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Idiopathic
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Evans' syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Drugs (methyldopa)

• Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia

• Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
• Lymphoma

• Mixed-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia