Bursitis pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Bursitis is characterized by the inflammation of a bursa and buildup of fluid in the bursa sac.
Pathophysiology
Bursitis is characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa and buildup of fluid in the bursa sac. A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts: muscles, tendons, or skin. Over 160 bursa are found throughout the body and only few of them can cause bursitis.
Aseptic
The exact pathogenesis of bursitis is not fully understood. It is thought that bursitis is the result of injuries, overuse, and repetitive stress to a joint. Bursitis commonly affect knee or elbow, from kneeling or leaning on the elbows longer than usual on a hard surface. Additionally, bursitis may be the result of certain diseases, such as arthritis and gout.
Septic
The olecranon and prepatellar bursae are the bursas most often infected
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, bursitis is characterized by edema, erythema in the area over the bursa.