Blepharitis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]
Overview
Physical examination of patients with blepharitis is usually remarkable for irritated eyelid edges, hard crusting of the lashes, entropion, ectropion, poliosis, and diffuse conjunctival injection.[1][2]
Physical Examination
Skin
Common skin examination findings of blepharitis include:[1][2][3]
- Scalp or facial skin itching and flaking (seborrheic dermatitis)
- Facial flushing and Telangiectasia on cheeks and nose (acne rosacea)
Eye
Gross Eye Examination
Common eye examination findings of blepharitis include:[2][4][5]
- Pink or irritated eyelid edges
- Hard crusting of the lashes (staphylococcal blepharitis)
- Greasy appearing flakes (seborrheic blepharitis)
- Cylindrical dandruff on the base of lashes (Demodex folliculorum)
- Telangiectasia on the anterior eyelid
- Entropion
- Ectropion
- Trichiasis
- Madarosis
- Poliosis
- Distichiasis
- Diffuse conjunctival injection
Slit Lamp Examination
On slit lamp examination, blepharitis is characterized by:
- Meibomian gland enlargement
- Waxy secretions at the gland openings
- Lid margin neovascularization and dilation of existing blood vessels
- Ulcerations along the eyelid margin
- Corneal nodules
- Corneal margin ulcer
- Superficial corneal pannus
Images
The following are images associated with blepharitis:[6]
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Gland expression performed at the slit lamp
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Waxy secretions at the gland openings
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Cloudy expressed meibum (arrows)
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![Entropion and trichiasis[7]](/images/3/3e/Entropion.jpeg)
Entropion and trichiasis[7]
![Entropion and trichiasis[7]](/index.php/File:Entropion.jpeg)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dougherty JM, McCulley JP (1986). "Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 27 (4): 486–91. PMID 3957566.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG (1954). "Seborrheic blepharitis". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 52: 173–88. PMC 1312591. PMID 13274422.
- ↑ Lemp MA, Nichols KK (2009). "Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment". Ocul Surf. 7 (2 Suppl): S1–S14. PMID 19383269.
- ↑ Blepharitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology/eyewiki (2014). http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016
- ↑ Blepharitis. National Eye Institute. (2009). https://nei.nih.gov/health/blepharitis/blepharitis Accessed on July, 14, 2016
- ↑ Tomlinson A, Bron AJ, Korb DR, Amano S, Paugh JR, Pearce EI; et al. (2011). "The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52 (4): 2006–49. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997f. PMC 3072162. PMID 21450918.
- ↑ Blepharitis. Wikipedia (2016). [1] Accessed on July 15, 2016
![[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropion#/media/File:Entropion_and_trichiasis_secondary_to_trachoma_A44-652-11.jpg){kind=link}