Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]; Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]
Overview
Cholera can cause a severe diarrheal disease.[1] The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), so as the result the number of cases can rise extremely quickly. Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and electrolyte imbalance (mostly hypokalemia). If dehydration left untreated, it may lead to hypotension which can result in renal failure, shock, coma and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.[2] If people with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, with untreated cholera, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][4]
Natural history, complications, and prognosis
Natural history
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.[1] It is usually transmitted through faecally contaminated water or food and remains an ever-present risk in many countries. The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), so as the result the number of cases can rise extremely quickly. Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and electrolyte imbalance (mostly hypokalemia). If dehydration left untreated, it may lead to hypotension and which can result in renal failure, shock, coma and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.[2]
Complications
Delayed initiation of rehydration and therapy leads to complications.
Prognosis
- If people with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, with untreated cholera, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 376&ndash, 7. ISBN 0838585299.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 World Health Organization. Assessing the Outbreak response and improving preparedness (2004) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43017/1/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFk_2004.4_eng.pdf
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004). "Cholera". Lancet. 363 (9404): 223–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7. PMID 14738797. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
- ↑ Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.